Main outputs from the OECD/NEA ARC-F Project

丸山 結; 杉山 智之*; 島田 亜佐子; Lind, T.*; Bentaib, A.*; Sogalla, M.*; Pellegrini, M.*; Albright, L.*; Clayton, D.*

Proceedings of 20th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-20) (Internet), p.4782 - 4795, 2023/08

http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/NURETH20-40302

The Analysis of Information from Reactor Buildings and Containment Vessels of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) (ARC-F) project was initiated in January 2019 for three years with 22 signatories from 12 countries. Three main tasks were implemented in the ARC-F project, which were relevant to 1) refinement of analysis for accident scenarios and associated fission product (FP) transport and dispersion, 2) compilation and management of data and information, and 3) discussion for the next-phase project. Various activities were performed in Task 1, covering improvement of analysis for accident scenarios, and in-depth analyses for specific phenomena such as in-vessel melt progression, molten core/concrete interaction, FP transport and source term, hydrogen combustion and atmospheric dispersion of FPs. Through these studies, analyses for accident scenarios with severe accident codes were refined and important phenomena with large uncertainties were clarified. In order to share well selected and organized information from the FDNPS with the project partners, two databases, information source database and sample database, were built under Task 2. The analysis techniques including the separation of iodine species were developed also in Task 2 and applied to the analysis of FPs in several samples taken from the FDNPS. The next-phase project was discussed in Task 3, resulting in launching the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Information Collection and Evaluation (FACE) project. The FACE project officially started in July 2022 with the participation of 23 organizations from 12 countries and the European Commission.

Thermodynamic analysis for solidification path of simulated ex-vessel corium

佐藤 拓未; 永江 勇二; 倉田 正輝; Quaini, A.*; Guneau, C.*

CALPHAD; Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry, 79, p.102481_1 - 102481_11, 2022/12

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102481

Investigation of the primary containment vessel inside the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station showed that a significant amount of the molten corium reached the bottom of the pedestal region. The molten corium and concrete likely caused a complex interaction called Molten Corium Concrete Interaction. The solidification hysteresis of these ex-vessel debris significantly influences its properties. We performed a thermodynamic analysis using the TAF-ID database to infer the solidification path of U-Zr-Al-Ca-Si-O molten corium, which was chosen for a prototypic system of ex-vessel debris. The solidification path for the CaO-rich sim-corium showed that (i) melting as a single liquid phase above 2430 K, (ii) selective solidification of the oxide-rich corium mainly consisted of fuel materials, and (iii) solidification of the remaining materials as a silicate matrix. In contrast, the solidification path for the SiO-rich corium indicated that (i) formation of liquid miscibility gap above 2200 K between U-rich and Zr-rich oxidic melts, (ii) individual precipitation of solid phases in each liquid phase.

Identification of carbon in glassy cesium-bearing microparticles using electron microscopy and formation mechanisms of the microparticles

日高 昭秀

Nuclear Technology, 208(2), p.318 - 334, 2022/02

https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2021.1929767

福島第一原子力発電所事故時に放出されたガラス状セシウム含有微粒子(タイプA)の生成機構として、著者は、以前、3号機の水素爆発時に、非常用ガス処理系(SGTS)のHEPAフィルタのガラス繊維が溶融し微粒化したことが原因である可能性を指摘した。この仮説が正しければ、ガラス繊維には炭素を含むバインダが塗布され、その近くには活性炭フィルタがあるため、623K以上で自然発火する炭素は、水素爆発の短い加熱期間中に燃焼し切らず、タイプAの中またはタイプAの近くに残っている可能性がある。従来の類似研究は、粒子固定用に炭素テープを用いていたため炭素の同定が困難であった。そこで、本研究では炭素以外のテープと電子プローブマイクロアナライザ(EPMA)を用いて測定を行った。その結果、タイプAはバインダ由来の炭素を含み、タイプAに付随する非球形粒子やタイプAを覆う被膜には、活性炭フィルタ起源と考えられる炭素を含むことを確認した。この結果は、従来の生成機構では説明できず、著者が提案した仮説によって説明可能である。タイプAの生成機構を決定するのは時期尚早かもしれないが、本情報は生成機構の温度条件を制限するのに有用と考えられる。

Main findings, remaining uncertainties and lessons learned from the OECD/NEA BSAF Project

Pellegrini, M.*; Herranz, L.*; Sonnenkalb, M.*; Lind, T.*; 丸山 結; Gauntt, R.*; Bixler, N.*; Morreale, A.*; Dolganov, K.*; Sevon, T.*; et al.

Proceedings of 18th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-18) (USB Flash Drive), p.1147 - 1162, 2019/08

The OECD/NEA Benchmark Study at the Accident of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS project (BSAF) has started in 2012 until 2018 as one of the earliest responses to the accident at Fukushima Daiichi NPS. The project addressed the investigation of the accident at Units 1, 2 and 3 by severe accident (SA) codes focusing on thermal-hydraulics, core relocation, molten core/concrete interaction (MCCI) and fission products release and transport. The objectives of BSAF were to make up plausible scenarios based primarily on SA forensic analysis, support the decommissioning and inform SA codes modeling. The analysis and comparison among the institutes have brought up vital insights regarding the accident progression identifying periods of core meltdown and relocation, reactor vessel (RV) and primary containment vessel (PCV) leakage/failure through the comparison of pressure, water level and CAMS measurement. The combination of code results and inspections has provided a picture of the current state of the debris distribution and plant state. All units present a large relocation of core materials and all of them present ex-vessel debris with units 1 and 3 showing evidences of undergoing MCCI. Uncertainties have been identified in particular on the time and magnitude of events such as corium relocation in RV and into cavity floor, RV and PCV rupture events. Main uncertainties resulting from the project are the large and continuous MCCI progression predicted by basically all the SA codes and the leak pathways from RV to PCV and PCV to reactor building and environment. The BSAF project represents a pioneering exercise which has set the basis and provided lessons learned not only for code improvement but also for the development of new related projects to investigate in details further aspects of the Fukushima Daiichi NPS accident.

東京電力福島第一原子力発電所の炉内構造物解体を想定したAWJ切断技術による適用性試験

中村 保之; 岩井 紘基; 手塚 将志; 佐野 一哉

JAEA-Technology 2015-055, 89 Pages, 2016/03

JAEA-Technology-2015-055.pdf:17.54MB

東京電力福島第一原子力発電所(以下、「1F」という)は炉心溶融に至ったと報告されており、炉内構造物は原形を留めておらず、溶融燃料と混在し複雑狭隘な状態にあると想定される。このような状態の中、燃料デブリ等の取出しに向けて、熱影響が少なくスタンドオフを長く取れるアブレイシブウォータージェット(以下「AWJ」)切断技術について、2012年度から3カ年で切断試験を実施し技術開発を進めてきており、燃料デブリ等の取出しに有効な工法であることを確認した。初年度の成果は、既報告書"JAEA-Technology 2013-041 アブレイシブウォータージェット切断工法による炉内溶融金属等の取出しに向けた技術開発"で報告済みであるが、本報告書は、これを含む3ヵ年の集大成として取り纏めたものである。AWJ切断技術は、切断時に使用するアブレイシブが二次廃棄物として発生するものの、圧力容器下部等に堆積した厚み等の不明な燃料デブリや炉内構造物の取出しが可能であることを切断試験により確認し、実機に適用できる見通しを得た。

Analysis for progression of accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station with THALES2 code

松本 俊慶; 石川 淳; 丸山 結

Proceedings of 16th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-16) (USB Flash Drive), p.4033 - 4043, 2015/08

The analysis of the progressions of the accidents at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station units 1 and 2 were performed with the THALES2/KICHE code. The analytical conditions were set on the basis of the information provided in the OECD/NEA BSAF project. The CV failures were assumed in the both units. The DW and S/C failure case was set as the CV failure of unit 2. The results of the analyses have indicated that the oxidation of the zirconium of the fuel cladding tube generated approximately 1,200 kg of hydrogen in both units. It is indicated that 80% of cesium and iodine distributed in the water phase of S/C due to the scrubbing. Cesium was released into the environment mainly as the form of CsOH or CsI. The release fraction has been predicted as 10E-3 for unit 1 and 10E-1 for unit 2. I2 and organic iodine were formed as the result of the chemical reaction in the water phase of S/C, and their released fractions were at the order of 10E-3 for unit 1 and 2.

福島第一原子力発電所内採取試料分析データによる核種移行の検討,2; 1号機タービン建屋採取試料によるウラン起源推定法の検討

高畠 容子; 駒 義和

no journal, , 

福島第一原子力発電所では原子炉建屋だけではなく、その他の建屋にも放射性汚染水が滞留水として拡散・移送されている。1号機タービン建屋では滞留水流入を防ぎ、その後、タービン建屋内の滞留水を移送することで、建屋内滞留水の処理を行った。上記作業実施中に滞留水処理の検討のため、建屋地下1階にて2地点で滞留水(3深度)及びスラッジの採取がなされた。採取試料の分析にて各ウラン同位体濃度が得られたが、ウランは天然にも存在するため、ウランによる汚染はそのソースターム、すなわち損傷燃料あるいは天然の判別が廃棄物管理方策の議論に向けて重要である。各試料のウラン濃度から、ソースタームからのウラン同位体の移行割合を求めた。ソースタームは天然ウランまたは損傷燃料とした。ソースタームの違い、同地点で採取された試料の移行割合を比較することにより、U-238とU-236で得た移行割合にて、最も鋭敏にウラン起源の推定ができることを示した。